N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ngwaahịa polyurethane na-aghọwanye ewu ewu, dị ka ebe nchekwa oyi nke Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets na China na-emepụta, nke a na-eji ihe polyurethane eme ihe.
N'ozuzu, polyurethane nwere ike kewaa n'ime thermosetting na thermoplastic, a pụkwara ime ya ka ọ bụrụ plastik polyurethane (karịsịa plastik ụfụfụ), polyurethane fibers (spandex), na polyurethane elastomers. A na-akpọ ọtụtụ ihe polyurethane thermosetting, dị ka ụfụfụ polyurethane dị nro, siri ike na ọkara siri ike.
Ntugharị nke polyurethane na-agbasokarị usoro ịmegharị anụ ahụ, n'ihi na usoro a dị irè ma dị irè. Kpọmkwem, enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ atọ eji emegharị ihe:
Usoro a bụ teknụzụ eji emegharị ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. A na-egweri ụfụfụ polyurethane dị nro n'ime ọtụtụ centimita site na onye na-egweri ihe, na-agbanyekwa ihe mkpuchi polyurethane na-emeghachi omume na igwekota. Ihe nrapado a na-ejikarị bụ ngwakọta ụfụfụ polyurethane ma ọ bụ NCO kwụsịrị prepolymer dabere na polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Mgbe ị na-eji nrapado dabere na PAPI maka njikọta na ịkpụzi, enwere ike iwebata ngwakọta uzuoku. N'ime usoro ijikọ ihe mkpofu polyurethane, gbakwunye 90% mkpofu polyurethane na nrapado 10%, gwakọta ya nke ọma, ma ọ bụ tinye akwa akwa, wee pịa ngwakọta ahụ.
The bonding akpụ technology ọ bụghị nanị nwere nnukwu mgbanwe, kamakwa nwere nnukwu mgbanwe na n'ibu Njirimara nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa. Usoro ihe eji emegharị ihe na-aga nke ọma nke ngwaahịa polyurethane bụ imepụta ụfụfụ polyurethane emegharịrị site na ijikọ ụfụfụ mkpofu dị ka ụfụfụ dị nro, nke a na-ejikarị dị ka nkwado kapeeti, ute egwuregwu, ihe mkpuchi ụda na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ. Enwere ike ịkpụzi ụmụ irighiri ụfụfụ dị nro na adhesives n'ime ngwaahịa ndị dị ka paịlị ala ụgbọ ala na ụfọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide; Site n'iji nrụgide dị elu na okpomọkụ, ihe ndị siri ike dị ka ụlọ mgbapụta nwere ike ịkpụzi.
Ọfụfụ polyurethane siri ike na ịkpụzi injection (RIM) polyurethane elastomer nwekwara ike ịmegharị ya site n'otu ụzọ ahụ. Ịgwakọta irighiri ihe mkpofu na isocyanate prepolymers maka ịpị ọkụ na-akpụ, dị ka imepụta ọkpọkọ ọkpọkọ maka sistemụ kpo oku pipeline. | 2,Ịkpụzi ihe na-ekpo ọkụ Thermosetting polyurethane soft ụfụfụ na RIM polyurethane ngwaahịa nwere ụfọdụ thermal nro na plasticity Njirimara na okpomọkụ nso nke 100-200 ℃. N'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu na nrụgide, polyurethane mkpofu nwere ike jikọta ya na ibe ya na-ejighi ihe nkedo. Iji mee ka ngwaahịa ndị a na-emegharị emegharị ọzọ, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịkụpịa ihe mkpofu ahụ wee kpoo ọkụ ma pịa ya ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị.
Ọnọdụ nhazi na-adabere n'ụdị polyurethane mkpofu na ngwaahịa emegharịrị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, polyurethane dị nro ụfụfụ nwere ike ịdị ọkụ ruo ọtụtụ nkeji na nrụgide nke 1-30MPa na okpomọkụ nke 100-220 Celsius C iji mepụta ndị na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ, apịtị na ihe ndị ọzọ.
E tinyela usoro a nke ọma na nrụgharị nke akụrụngwa polyurethane ụdị RIM. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịmepụta oghere ọnụ ụzọ ụgbọ ala na ogwe ngwá ọrụ na ihe dịka 6% RIM polyurethane ntụ ntụ na 15% fiberglass. | 3,Ejiri ya dị ka ihe ndochi A na-atụgharị ụfụfụ dị nro nke polyurethane ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mma site n'ịkụpịa ma ọ bụ na-egweri obere okpomọkụ, na mgbasa nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-agbakwunye na polyols maka ịmepụta ụfụfụ polyurethane ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eweghachi ihe ndị polyurethane n'efu, kamakwa na-ebelata nke ọma. ọnụ ahịa ngwaahịa. Ọdịnaya nke ntụ ntụ gbajiri agbaji na MDI dabeere oyi gwọrọ ụfụfụ polyurethane na-ejedebeghị na 15%, na 25% nke ntụ ntụ nwere ike ịgbakwunye na TDI dabeere na-ekpo ọkụ gwọrọ ụfụfụ na kasị.
Otu usoro bụ ịgbakwụnye ihe mkpofu ụfụfụ tupu ewepụ ya n'ime ụfụfụ polyether polyol dị nro, wee gwerie ya na igwe igwe kwesịrị ekwesị iji mepụta ngwakọta "polyol megharịrị" nwere ihe dị mma maka imepụta ụfụfụ dị nro.
Enwere ike gwerie RIM polyurethane na-ekpofu ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ, gwakọta ya na akụrụngwa, wee mepụta ya ka ọ bụrụ elastomer RIM. Mgbe a na-egwepịa ihe mkpofu polyurethane siri ike na polyisocyanurate (PIR) ụfụfụ ụfụfụ, a pụkwara iji ya tinye 5% ihe eji emegharị ya na ngwakọta iji mepụta ụfụfụ siri ike. |
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, usoro mgbake kemịkalụ ọhụrụ apụtala
Ndị otu Mahadum Illinois nke Prọfesọ Steven Zimmerman na-eduzi ewepụtala usoro maka imebi ihe mkpofu polyurethane na ịtụgharị ya na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ bara uru.
Nwa akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ bụ Ephraim Morado na-atụ anya iji polymer mee ihe site na ụzọ kemịkalụ iji dozie nsogbu nke mkpofu polyurethane. Otú ọ dị, polyurethane nwere nkwụsi ike dị oke elu ma mee ya site na ihe abụọ na-esiri ike ire ere: isocyanates na polyols.
Polyols bụ isi ihe kpatara nsogbu ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na a na-esi na mmanụ ala na-amịpụta ha, ọ naghịkwa adị mfe eweda ya ala. Iji gbanarị ihe isi ike a, ndị otu nyocha ahụ nakweere otu acetal kemịkalụ kemịkalụ nke nwere ike imebi ngwa ngwa yana mmiri. A na-eji ngwaahịa na-emebi emebi emebere site na-agbaze polymers na trichloroacetic acid na dichloromethane na ụlọ okpomọkụ maka mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ. Dị ka ihe akaebe nke echiche, Morado nwere ike ịtụgharị elastomers nke a na-ejikarị na nkwakọ ngwaahịa na akụkụ ụgbọ ala ka ọ bụrụ nrapado.
Otú ọ dị, ihe ndọghachi azụ kasịnụ nke ụzọ ọhụrụ a e ji emegharị ihe bụ ọnụ ahịa na nsi nke akụrụngwa eji eme ihe. Ya mere, ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-agbalị ugbu a ịchọta ụzọ ka mma na dị ọnụ ala iji nweta otu usoro ahụ site na iji ihe mgbaze dị nro dị ka mmanya mmanya maka mmebi.
N'ọdịnihu, Harbin Dong'an ụlọmpempe akwụkwọs ụlọ ọrụga-esochikwa ihe ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wee gaa n'ihu na-etinye ego na teknụzụ na teknụzụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, na-aga n'ihu na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ iji mee ka ogwe polyurethane Dong'an dịkwuo mma na gburugburu ebe obibi. Anyị kwenyere na a ga-enwekwu teknụzụ nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ọhụrụ a mụrụ n'ọdịnihu.
Oge nzipu: Nov-09-2023